Obtaining a federal background check in the United States typically refers to an official FBI Identity History Summary, commonly called an FBI background check. This record contains information from fingerprint-based checks of criminal history data stored by the FBI. Individuals may request their own identity history for personal review, employment screening, or visa and licensure purposes. The process involves fingerprint submission, a fee, and review by the FBI. This guide outlines the steps, options, timelines, and common questions to help navigate the federal background check process effectively.
What A Federal Background Check Covers
The federal background check most people seek is the FBI Identity History Summary Check. It includes criminal history data reported to the FBI by state and local agencies. Not all arrests or charges appear, and disqualifications may depend on state records and FBI review. The report is used for employment screening, security clearances, and certain government-related applications. It does not replace state or local background checks used by employers for non-federal positions.
Different Federal Background Check Options
There are a few distinct routes to obtain a federal background check, depending on the purpose and the user’s needs:
- Identity History Summary Check (IHS): The official FBI record of an individual’s criminal history based on fingerprint submissions. Accessible to the individual for review.
- Fingerprint-based FBI Check via an Agency: Some employers, licensing boards, or approved channels require fingerprints submitted through a designated agency or service provider.
- eQIP and Security Clearances: For federal employment or sensitive positions, the Electronic Questionnaires for Investigations Processing (eQIP) is used in conjunction with background investigations conducted by the U.S. government.
How To Request An Identity History Summary Check
The Identity History Summary Check is the primary federal option for individuals requesting their own record. The process is outlined by the FBI and typically involves fingerprint submission, a fee, and a data privacy consent. Steps below describe the standard path for U.S. residents.
- Prepare Your Fingerprints: The FBI requires a current set of rolled, inked fingerprints or digital fingerprints. Digital submissions are preferred when available.
- Choose An Approved Channel: Use an FBI-approved channeling service or local law enforcement agency that submits fingerprints to the FBI on your behalf. Some states provide live scan services for convenience.
- Submit Your Request: Complete the Identity History Summary Check request, attach fingerprint cards or digital print files, and sign the required consent form.
- Pay The Fee: The standard FBI Identity History Summary Check fee is set by the FBI. Fees may vary by channel and method of submission.
- Receive The Results: Processing times vary; results are delivered through the approved channel, and you may obtain a copy for your records.
Where To Submit Your Fingerprints
Fingerprints can be submitted through:
- FBI-Approved Channeling Agencies: Authorized partners that collect fingerprints and forward them to the FBI.
- Local Law Enforcement or State Agencies: Some jurisdictions provide fingerprint services that can be used for FBI processing.
- Direct Digital Submission (where available): Some providers offer digital fingerprint submission that links directly to the FBI database.
Processing Timeframes And Fees
Processing times depend on the method of submission and the FBI’s current workflow. Typical timeframes range from a few days to several weeks. The fee is established by the FBI and may vary based on the chosen channel. Applicants should verify current costs and estimated timelines with the submitting agency or service provider.
How To Correct Or Suppress Information
If an identity history shows incorrect data or outdated entries, individuals can request corrections with the FBI. The process involves submitting a remediation request through the same channel that issued the report, accompanied by supporting documentation. Accuracy is crucial for employment, licensing, and security clearances. Correcting errors can require additional time, documentation, and, in some cases, a formal FBI review.
Frequently Asked Questions
- Is a federal background check required for all jobs? No. Federal background checks are common for government roles, security-sensitive positions, and certain contracts. Employers may conduct other checks for private-sector roles.
- Can I request someone else’s federal background check? The Identity History Summary Check is for the individual only, with limited exceptions through authorized channels for legal or regulatory purposes and requires consent or a court order in many cases.
- Will a federal background check include traffic or minor offenses? Typically, only criminal history records in the FBI system are included. Traffic violations or incidents resolved in state courts may appear if reported to the FBI.
- What if I don’t have fingerprints? If rolled ink fingerprints are unavailable, digital fingerprinting through an approved agency is often an alternative. Check with the submitting channel for options.
Tips For A Smooth Process
- Plan Ahead: Start early to account for processing times and potential delays.
- Confirm Channel Options: Use an FBI-approved channeling agency to ensure the request is properly processed.
- Keep Records: Save copies of receipts, fingerprint cards, and correspondence for future reference.
- Understand Your Role: Know whether you need your own history, or if a request is on behalf of an employer or legal requirement, to ensure compliance with consent and privacy rules.
Where To Find Official Guidance
Official information on the Identity History Summary Check, fingerprint submission, processing times, and fees is available from the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and its approved channeling partners. Users should rely on FBI.gov and trusted government or agency portals for the most up-to-date instructions and contact information. This ensures accuracy and reduces the risk of scams or misinformation.